Catégorie d'événements : Séminaire

Mercredi 15 mars 2023

Séminaire AMPIRIC

Avec l’intervention de Bérangère Thirioux et Gabriele Sofia

Empathie et créativité… mots-valises ou compétences-clé ?

Une partie du séminaire portera sur l’étude CELAVIE portée par Sandrine Eschenauer, membre du LPL

14h-16h30 INSPE, Campus Saint-Jérôme, Marseille & En ligne
Infos & inscription : https://www.reseau-canope.fr/service/empathie-et-creativite-mots-valises-ou-competences-cle.html

Séminaire ouvert à tout le monde sous réserve d’inscription

Jeudi 2 mars 2023

Séminaire AMPIRIC

Séminaire de Mª del Carmen Fonseca Mora

(Affective Language Learning Lab, University of Huelva, Spain)
Affective factors and emotions in second language education

10h30-12h Aix-Marseille Université, Campus Saint-Jérôme, Inspé, Amphithéâtre Jacques Ginestié & En ligne

Infos & réservation : https://www.univ-amu.fr/fr/public/evenements-venir

Séminaire ouvert à toutes et tous

Séminaire

Julien Lefèvre

(INT-AMU)

Environmental impacts of Information Technology and AI

10h30-12h LPL, salle de conférences B011

The environmental impacts of information technology have been exposed for about 15 years. They have been recently updated through the shift project report [1] and a recent meta-analysis discussing trends and controversies [2], in particular regarding rebound effects. I will present more particularly quantitative tools in the field of AI (machine/deep learning) and a serious lack of evaluations for so-called AI solutions for environment [3], reflecting a general techno-solutionist state of mind. Those observations imply several conclusions, from a more critic approach in how to raise awareness for environmental issues and associated solutions [4] to a more global redirection of scientific activities taking into account planetary boundaries [5].

[1] Lean ICT, Shift Project, 2018
[2] Freitag et al, 2021, The real climate and transformative impact of ICT: A critique of estimates, trends, and regulations, Patterns, 2021
[3] Ligozat, Lefevre, Bugeau, Combar, Unraveling the Hidden Environmental Impacts of AI Solutions for Environment Life Cycle Assessment of AI Solutions, Sustainability, 2022 et la version grand public
[4]  Ligozat, Marquet, Bugeau, Lefevre, Boulet, Bouveret, Marquet, Ridoux Michel. 2022. How to Integrate Environmental Challenges in Computing Curricula?. In SIGCSE’22
[5] Monnin, Bonnet, Landivar, Héritage et Fermeture, 2021

Julien Lefèvre fait partie de l’Atelier d’écologie politique d’Aix-Marseille qui « participe à la construction d’une communauté multidisciplinaire du monde académique travaillant ou réfléchissant aux multiples dimensions liées aux bouleversements écologiques. »

Séminaire

Kate Watkins

(ILCB / IMERA Univ. Oxford)

Imaging and stimulating the brain in people who stutter

Vendredi 3 mars 2023, à 10h30 au LPL, salle de conférences B011 & online by Zoom

Lien Zoom : https://univ-amu-fr.zoom.us/j/83598925819?pwd=bTJPR295cFhOOTBHN05QV1VHc1d2Zz09
ID : 835 9892 5819
Code : 862601

Résumé :
Developmental stuttering affects about 5% of children and 1% of adults.  Fluency can be enhanced in people who stutter by altering sensory feedback during speech production and by altering production e.g. by whispering, changing pitch or accent, or by external cueing, speaking in unison or singing.  Abnormal sensorimotor integration and impairment in cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuits might explain the occurrence and persistence of speech disfluency.  Brain imaging studies show some support for these theories.  I will present our early structural and functional brain imaging studies that revealed abnormal white matter microstructure underlying cortical differences in brain activity during speech.  In recent work, we found increased amounts of iron in the striatum in a large sample of people who stutter.  We have also used brain stimulation to enhance speech fluency in people who stutter.  Five days of stimulation paired with fluency training increased fluency and brain activity in the striatum compared with fluency training alone.  Finally, I will present our findings from imaging the vocal tract during speech production that indicate instability in the speech motor system in people who stutter during perceptibly fluent speech.

Séminaire

Mortaza Taheri-Ardali

(Shahrekord University, Iran & Universität zu Köln, Germany)

Analysing the prosody of native speakers of Persian in L1 and L2 (English) using the OMProDat corpus

Vendredi 9 décembre 2022, 10h30-12h

LPL, salle de conférences B011

Résumé :
After a brief presentation of our current knowledge of the prosody of the Persian language, this talk focuses on the findings from a bilingual Persian-English prosodic database read by native Persian speakers as part of the OMProDat project. This corpus contains 40 continuous and thematically-connected passages each with five sentences. The collection was read by 5 male and 5 female Persian speakers. Moreover, the ASCII phonetic alphabet SAMPA was used to romanize and phonetically transcribe the Persian sentences. The database includes TextGrid annotations obtained semi-automatically for two speakers (1 male and 1 female) from the sound and the orthographic transcription using the SPPAS alignment software. Then, this part of the corpus was annotated prosodically using the Momel and INTSINT algorithms. Preliminary results of this analysis will be reported in this talk. Using this substantial amount of data, we intend to conduct a cross-linguistic comparison with other languages in OMProDat.

Références :
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2021). Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 6.1.55, retrieved October 2021 from http://www.praat.org/.
Bigi, B., & Hirst, D. J. (2012, May 22-25). SPeech Phonetization Alignment and Syllabification (SPPAS): a tool for the automatic analysis of speech prosody. Speech Prosody 2012, Shanghai, China.
Bigi, B. (2015). SPPAS - Multi-lingual Approaches to the Automatic Annotation of Speech. The Phonetician - International Society of Phonetic Sciences. 111-112, 54-69.
Ding, H., Hirst, D. J. & Hoffmann, R. (2015, Oct 28-30). Cross-linguistic prosodic comparison with OMProDat database. 18th Oriental COCOSDA & Conference on Asian Spoken Language Research and Evaluation (O-COCOSDA/CASLRE), Shanghai, China.
Hirst, D. J., Bigi, B., Cho, H.-S., Ding, H., Herment, S., Wang, T. (2013) Building OMProDat, an open multilingual prosodic database. TRASP, Tools and Resources for the Analysis of Speech Prosody [satellite workshop of Interspeech], Aix-en-Provence, France. Hirst, D. J. (2007, Aug 6-10). A Praat plugin for Momel and INTSINT with improved algorithms for modelling and coding intonation. 16th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Hirst, D. J. (2013, Aug 25-29). Melody metrics for prosodic typology: comparing English, French and Chinese. Interspeech 2013, Lyon, France. Hirst, D. J. (2016, May 31 - June 3). On the automatic comparison and cloning of native and non-native speech prosody. Speech Prosody 2016, Boston, USA. Hirst, D. J. (2021, Oct 20-21). Automatic visual and auditory feedback for second language (L2) speech prosody [Keynote]. The 2nd International Conference on Laboratory Phonology and Phonetics (ICLPP 2), Tehran, Iran.
Keshtiari, N., Kuhlmann, M., Eslami, M., & Klann-Delius, G. (2015). Recognizing emotional speech in Persian: A validated database of Persian emotional speech (Persian ESD). Behav Res 47, 275-294. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0467-x.
Mohamad Nezami, O., Jamshid Lou, P. & Karami, M. (2019). ShEMO: a large-scale validated database for Persian speech emotion detection. Lang Resources & Evaluation 53, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-018-9427-x. Taheri-Ardali, M., Hirst, D. (2022). Building a Persian-English OMProDat database read by Persian speakers. Speech Prosody 2022, Lisbon, Portugal.
Taheri-Ardali, M., Khorram, S., Assi, M., Sameti, H., & Bijankhan, M. (2016). Designing and recording a speech database for Persian TTS systems. Iranian Journal of Comparative Linguistic Research, 6, 69-84, 2016.

Page Web institutionnelle de M. Taheri-Ardali

Séminaire

Snizhana Holyk

(Uzhhorod National University)

Conceptualisation of old age in English : Interdisciplinary perspective

Vendredi 4 novembre 2022, 10h30-12h

LPL, salle de conférences B011

Résumé :

In the present study, I aim to analyse cultural and social constructions of old age and the aged in English. Drawing on the thesis about the interrelation between language and culture, I hypothesize that the concept old age in English is verbalized by a set of socially and culturally loaded representations. This research adopts a cognitive-semantic approach when meaning is defined as conceptualization. It aims at revealing the notional content of the concept old age in English with the focus on the definitions of the lexeme ‘old age’ in present-day lexicographical sources (both printed and on-line). Firstly, the concept of old age as a mental unit and complex knowledge cluster is analysed, its nominative field is defined. It appears to be a multicomponent structure representing the period or time in life when one is old, the person or the group of persons who are old and the state or condition of being old. Secondly, I will highlight the definitions of old age in English and compare different discursive models of ageing conceptualisation. Old age as a social phenomenon is usually defined through the prism of its medico-biological and socio-philosophical characteristics as a final stage of human life with considerable physiological and psychological changes leading to little involvement of a person in social activities. However, the demographic processes of the recent decades have resulted in radical changes in old age delimitation, when it gets measured not only within chronometric framework, but also by sociocultural criteria. Old age as a cultural phenomenon is different from the chronological age, as it is characterized by vague boundaries, the interaction between different age stages, and deviations from their logical order. Furthermore, adopting the interdisciplinary research perspective, the study reveals discursive models of old age conceptualization, providing the description of the new reality of old age not only as a biological phenomenon, but also as a social construct with a complex cognitive structure represented in discourse with normative, axiological, stereotypical, figurative and symbolic components. Moreover, the paper gives insight into the metaphorical conceptualization of old age in the literary discourse and authors’ creative associations about this stage of life.

Key words: old age concept, ageing, conceptualisation, conceptual metaphor, discourse analysis, interdisciplinary approach.

Programme :

10h30 - 11h15 Leonor Becerra (LPL/AMU)

Multimodal learning: bringing together natural language acquisition and machine learning

I will briefly present my main research activities, which are in the intersection of linguistics and computer science. My goal has been to develop computational systems that learn to understand and speak natural languages from multimodal data, inspired in the way children learn their native language. I will also present applications of my work to solve Natural Language Processing tasks and ongoing research projects that involve the integration of a larger set of multimodal cues than the one I used so far in my research.

11h15 - 12h Philippe Blache (LPL/CNRS)

Prédiction, retardement, chunking: les mécanismes permettant d'expliquer la compréhension en conversation

Comment accède-t-on au sens ? La plupart des expériences abordant cette question, que ce soit en linguistique, en neurosciences ou en psycholinguistique, portent sur des mots ou des phrases isolés. Ces études permettent de décrire avec précision les mécanismes à l'œuvre, y compris au niveau du cerveau. Cependant, elles reposent toutes sur une hypothèse forte : celle de la compositionnalité, stipulant que le sens d'une phrase est une fonction du sens de ses constituants et se construit donc progressivement  en partant de mots, agrégés en constituants supérieurs avant de composer la structure d'une phrase. Cette hypothèse se double de plus d'une méthode de construction, reposant sur un mapping direct entre structure syntaxique et structure sémantique (Montague, 1973; Dowty, 2006). Il existe cependant un grand nombre de cas où la compositionnalité ne permet pas d'expliquer l'accès au sens: de nombreuses constructions (ditransitivité, idiomes, etc.) montrent qu'il existe également une possibilité d'accès direct au sens, non pas en partant des mots, mais en reconnaissant globalement un "pattern" (Construction Grammars : Goldberg, 2015). De plus, de nombreuses expériences montrent également que nous sommes capables d'accéder au sens à l'aide d'un traitement  superficiel (Good-enough Theory : Ferreira et Patson., 2007), voire de reconstituer le sens à partir d'une entrée syntaxiquement ou sémantiquement mal construite (Semantic attraction : Kim & Osterhout, 2005). A ce jour, il n'existe pas de modèle neuro-cognitif permettant de décrire la coexistence de ces phénomènes et d'une façon plus générale permettant d'expliquer l'accès au sens au delà de la phrase, dans des situations naturelles (typiquement des conversations).

Je propose de présenter dans cet exposé les bases d'un tel modèle. Il repose sur l'hypothèse que la mémoire déclarative contient non seulement les informations relatives aux mots, mais également à ces "patterns" (ou constructions). La compréhension repose donc principalement non pas sur un mécanisme séquentiel, incrémental et cumulatif (un traitement mot par mot,) mais de façon plus globale grâce à un double mécanisme de retardement et de segmentation en chunks et associés à la prédictibilité du langage. Je présenterai de façon plus précise comment ces hypothèses permettent de généraliser le modèle "Memory, Unification and Control" (Hagoort, 2013), rendant compte des aspects linguistiques, cognitifs et cérébraux de l'accès au sens en situation naturelle.

Dowty, D. (2006) "Compositionality as an Empirical Problem", in Direct Compositionality, Barker C. & Jacobson P. (eds), Oxford University Press
Ferreira, F. & Patson N. (2007) "The ‘Good Enough’ Approach to Language Comprehension", Language and Linguistics Compass 1, 1‑2
Goldberg, A. (2015) "Compositionality". In The Routledge Handbook of Semantics, Taylor and Francis Inc..
Hagoort, P. (2013) "MUC (Memory, Unification, Control) and beyond", Frontiers in Psychology, 4
Kim, A. & Osterhout, L. (2005) "The independence of combinatory semantic processing: Evidence from event-related potentials", Journal of Memory and Language, 52(2)