Catégorie d'actualités: Release

How to assess the risk of virus transmission through speech?

As early as spring 2020, several members of the LPL and La Conception Hospital were working on the risks of spreading the SARS-Cov-2 virus, particularly when dealing with swallowing disorders or dysphonia. Based on this initial work, the SpeedVel study was financed and carried out in collaboration with colleagues from the Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques et Industriels in Marseille, to analyze droplets emitted in oral communication situations, in order to better assess the risk of contamination.

We are pleased to announce the publication of detailed results from the SpeedVel project in the journal Language Resources et Evaluation:

Reference: Francesca Carbone, Gilles Bouchet, Alain Ghio, Thierry Legou, Carine André, Muriel Lalain, Caterina Petrone, Antoine Giovanni. Investigating Droplet Emission During Speech Interaction. Language Resources and Evaluation, 2024, ⟨10.1007/s10579-024-09789-x⟩. ⟨hal-04385770v2⟩

Abstract & full-text article: https://hal.science/hal-04385770

Credits: SpeedVel / LPL

The texture of sounds: do you hear rough or smooth sounds?

On 20 November, the journal JASA published a new article on the association of sounds with shapes and textures, by a group of international scientists including Caterina Petrone (LPL-CNRS) and Susanne Fuchs (ZAS Berlin, currently Iméra/ILCB Chair).

According to the results of this study, the alveolar trill Is perceived as jagged/rough by speakers of different languages. The researchers believe that this association may be more universal than the famous bouba/kiki effect.

Reference: A. Ćwiek, R. Anselme, D. Dediu, S. Fuchs, S. Kawahara, G. E. Oh, J. Paul, M. Perlman, C. Petrone, S. Reiter, R. Ridouane, J. Zeller, B. Winter. The Alveolar Trill Is Perceived as Jagged/Rough by Speakers of Different Languages. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 156, 3468–3479 (2024)

Full text: https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jasa/article/156/5/3468/3321514/The-alveolar-trill-is-perceived-as-jagged-rough-by

Abstract:
Typological research shows that across languages, trilled [r] sounds are more common in adjectives describing rough as opposed to smooth surfaces. In this study, this lexical research is built on with an experiment with speakers of 28 different languages from 12 different families. Participants were presented with images of a jagged and a straight line and imagined running their finger along each. They were then played an alveolar trill [r] and an alveolar approximant [l] and matched each sound to one of the lines. Participants showed a strong tendency to match [r] with the jagged line and [l] with the straight line, even more consistently than in a comparable cross-cultural investigation of the bouba/kiki effect. The pattern is strongest for matching [r] to the jagged line, but also very strong for matching [l] to the straight line. While this effect was found with speakers of languages with different phonetic realizations of the rhotic sound, it was weaker when trilled [r] was the primary variant. This suggests that when a sound is used phonologically to make systemic meaning contrasts, its iconic potential may become more limited. These findings extend our understanding of iconic crossmodal correspondences, highlighting deep-rooted connections between auditory perception and touch/vision.

 

Illustration: Fig. 1 The oscillograms and spectrograms for the recording of (a) the alveolar trill [r] and (b) the alveolar lateral approximant [l]. The superimposed red line is the intensity curve with a range between 55 and 85 dB. The jagged line (c) and the flat line (d) were the corresponding visual stimuli presented to participants in the experiment.

Credits: Authors

How can species as far apart as dogs and humans understand each other?

The Institut Pasteur has just issued a press release on the study conducted by researchers from the University of Geneva, the Institut de l'Audition and the CRPN Marseille  in collaboration with Thierry Legou (LPL), published in the journal PLOS Biology in October:

 Reference: Déaux EC, Piette T, Gaunet F, Legou T, Arnal L, Giraud A-L (2024) Dog-human vocal interactions match dogs' sensory-motor tuning. PLoS Biol 22(10): e3002789.

Full text article: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002789

This study ‘reveals that the pair meet halfway between their differences to communicate together. From their results, the researchers hypothesise that dogs and humans have co-adapted to be able to communicate together. Comparison with other canids that have not been domesticated by humans, such as wolves, would reveal which of the dog's linguistic abilities are due to its genetics and which are due to its socialisation’.

 

Crédits : Thierry Legou, LPL

 

State of the art of ‘graded resources’ for foreign language teaching

We are pleased to announce the publication of the latest article by Núria Gala (LPL-AMU) in collaboration with Thomas François from the Centre for Automatic Language Processing (CENTAL UCL) in the International Journal of Applied Linguistics :

Reference: Thomas François, Núria Gala. Graded resources for learning and teaching foreign languages. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2024, ⟨10.1075/itl.00024.fra⟩. ⟨hal-04697842⟩

Article on the publisher's website (restricted access): https://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.00024.fra

Reference on HAL: https://hal.science/hal-04697842

Abstract:
Innovative resources for teaching vocabulary have emerged during the last decades, among which the so-called ‘graded resources’, i.e. lexicons or inventories where linguistic forms have been associated with a difficulty level, having in mind a target reader. The idea of ‘grading’ in Education is not new and has evolved over time: vocabulary or text scales (grades) have been approached as an educational tool with the means available at each period of time. In this survey, our aim is to show how current approaches of graded resources for foreign language learning are rooted in the tradition of building frequency lists for education. We then synthesize the body of work that has been undertaken to design graduated resources, highlighting the different methodologies applied as well as existing resources.

 

Credits: Image by freepik (ed.)

Prediction of events in human language processing and pretrained language models

We are pleased to announce a new paper published by Philippe Blache (LPL) in collaboration with researchers from Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Procore Project) and Purdue University:

Reference: James Britton, Yan Cong, Yu-Yin Hsu, Emmanuele Chersoni, Philippe Blache. On the influence of discourse connectives on the predictions of humans and language models. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2024, 18, pp.1363120. ⟨10.3389/fnhum.2024.1363120⟩. ⟨hal-04717106⟩

Full-text article: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1363120

Abstract:
This paper investigates how humans and language models process event predictions in sentences, focusing on the role of discourse connectives like and, but, and because. Humans find congruent sentence sequences easier to understand, and these connectives help clarify event relationships, especially when predictions need to be reversed (e.g., concessives and contrastives). The study used Italian and Mandarin Chinese story stimuli to test plausibility and coherence with or without connectives. Results show Mandarin language models are somewhat sensitive to these factors but struggle with prediction reversals, while Italian models showed no significant alignment with human data.

 

Credits: Authors

Difficulties in learning new words in moderate preterm infants aged 18 months

In its scientific news section, CNRS SHS highlights the latest article published by our colleague Clément François, in collaboration with Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells, Xim Cerda-Company, Thaïs Agut and Laura Bosch, in one of the most prestigious journals on development:

Reference :
François C., Rodriguez-Fornells A., Cerda-Company X., Agut T., Bosch L. 2024, Impact of late to moderate preterm birth on minimal pair word-learning, Child Development.

Full text article: https://hal.science/hal-04671814

CNRS SHS press release (in French): https://www.inshs.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/difficultes-dapprentissage-de-nouveaux-mots-chez-les-prematures-moderes-de-18-mois

 

 

Credits: Authors

 

What impact do head nods have on prosodic prominence?

We are pleased to announce the latest publication by Mariapaola d'Imperio - AMU professor and member of the LPL - in collaboration with Christopher Carignan, Núria Esteve-Gibert, Hélène Lœvenbruck and Marion Dohen in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America:

Reference: Carignan, C., Esteve-Gibert, N., Lœvenbruck, H., Dohen, M., D'Imperio, M. (2024). Co-speech head nods are used to enhance prosodic prominence at different levels of narrow focus in French. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

Access to the full text of the article (via AMU): https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jasa/article/156/3/1720/3312732/Co-speech-head-nods-are-used-to-enhance-prosodic

 

 

Credits: Authors

How is your feedback perceived?

We are pleased to announce the latest article by Auriane Boudin (LPL doctoral student and first author of the study), Stéphane Rauzy, Roxane Bertrand and Philippe Blache from the LPL and Magali Ochs from LIS Marseille.

Auriane will also be defending her doctoral thesis on 20 November which aims to describe the behaviour of listeners and their production of feedback through an interdisciplinary approach.

Reference: Auriane Boudin, Stéphane Rauzy, Roxane Bertrand, Magalie Ochs, Philippe Blache. How is your feedback perceived? An experimental study of anticipated and delayed conversational feedback. JASA Express Letters, 2024, 4 (7), ⟨10.1121/10.0026448⟩. ⟨hal-04687738⟩

Link to the journal: https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jel/article/4/7/075201/3302959
Link to the abstract & full text in HAL: https://hal.science/hal-04687738

 

 Credits: Authors (figures), JASA EL (cover)

What impact can unilateral laryngeal paralysis have on the expression of emotions?

Several members of the Phoniatry team at Marseille's La Conception University Hospital and the LPL have published this month a new scientific article studying the impact of laryngeal paralysis on the speaker's vocal transmission of emotions.

Reference: Ralph Haddad, Alexia Mattei, Caterina Petrone, Marie Cachi-Pouyenne, Estelle Bogdanski, Camille Galant, Antoine Giovanni (2024). Alterations in Emotional Expression Through Speech in Patients With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Preliminary Study. Journal of Voice (online 2024/08/08)

⟨https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.07.010⟩.

 

Link to the full text article: Alterations in Emotional Expression Through Speech in Patients With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Preliminary Study - ScienceDirect (univ-amu.fr)

 

A: Equal distribution of sentences produced by patients with laryngeal paralysis in neutral, anger and sadness.
B: Uneven perception of emotions by the jury, who consider the sentences heard to be mainly neutral in emotion.

Credits: Elsevier (1st ill.) / the authors (2nd ill.)